The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.1 When was the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) established?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.2 What can be inferred about the relationship between the UNRWA staff's alleged actions and the agency's reputation?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.3 In the context of the passage, what does the term "juxtaposition" most likely mean?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.4 In the passage, the term "such a scale" refers to what?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.5 What is the central theme of the passage?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.6 What is the author's tone in discussing the allegations against UNRWA staff?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.7 Which of the following best describes the logical structure of the passage?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.8 According to the passage, what is crucial for the future of UNRWA and its operations?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.9 How does the passage suggest the international community should address the allegations against UNRWA staff?

The recent ruling by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) mandating Israel to prevent "genocidal acts" in Gaza starkly contrasts the disturbing revelation of UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff members' involvement in Hamas's brutal attacks on Israel. This juxtaposition underscores a profound crisis in international humanitarian efforts and the complexities of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The UNRWA, established in 1949, has been a cornerstone in supporting Palestinian refugees with hopes for the "right of return." However, the allegations against a dozen of its staff for participating in the violence that led to over 1,100 Israeli deaths and significant hostages highlight a grave breach of trust. Such actions not only tarnish the agency's reputation but also jeopardize the very essence of humanitarian aid, which is to provide unbiased support to those in need. The fallout from these allegations is significant, with major donors including the U.S. pausing funding, thereby threatening the continuation of the UNRWA's operations. This pause in funding, however, contradicts the ICJ's directive for continued humanitarian assistance to Gaza, underscoring the complex interplay between justice, international relations, and humanitarian needs.

Israel's long-standing accusations against UNRWA, from fostering anti-Semitism to facilitating Hamas activities, have found a partial vindication through these events, complicating efforts for peace and stability in the region. Despite these challenges, the role of UNRWA cannot be understated. It remains a crucial lifeline for over 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, providing essential services that no other organization is equipped to deliver at such a scale. The international community stands at a critical juncture. While accountability for those involved in terrorist activities is paramount, it is essential to differentiate between the actions of a few individuals and the broader humanitarian mission of the UNRWA. Discrediting or dismantling this agency would not only deprive millions of Palestinians of essential services but could also shift the burden of care onto Israel, further exacerbating tensions. Therefore, the need is for a balanced approach to rigorously investigate and address the allegations of complicity within the UNRWA while ensuring that the agency's crucial humanitarian work continues. The international community must reaffirm its commitment to humanitarian principles and the pursuit of peace by supporting the UNRWA's indispensable role, albeit with enhanced oversight and accountability measures.

The way forward demands a concerted effort to not only address immediate concerns but also to lay the groundwork for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Q.10 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?