The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.1 How many instances of paper leaks were revealed by the investigation mentioned in the passage?

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.2 What can be inferred about the government's response to examination malpractices before the introduction of the new Bill?

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.3 In the passage, the word 'malaise' most nearly means:

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.4 The pronoun 'this' in "This legislative step" refers to what?

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.5 What is the main theme of the passage?

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.6 What is the author's tone regarding the passage of the new Bill?

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.7 Which best describes the passage's argument structure?

The recent passage of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, by the Lok Sabha marks a pivotal moment in India's struggle against the malaise of examination malpractices that have long tarnished the integrity of its public recruitment system. This legislative step, prompted by an investigation revealing over 40 instances of paper leaks across 15 states in the last five years, is a testament to the systemic issues plaguing the country's examination frameworks. The repercussions of these leaks have been profound, affecting approximately 1.4 crore aspirants vying for about 1 lakh government posts, with many still in limbo awaiting re-examinations. The necessity for such a law cannot be overstated. States have attempted to combat cheating through various statutes, yet the persistence of these unfair practices underscores the inadequacy of existing measures. The central government's bill aims to serve as a model draft, ushering in an era of "greater transparency and fairness" in public examinations. While this initiative is commendable, it barely scratches the surface of the deeper, more systemic reforms required to eradicate unfair practices from the government recruitment system entirely. Public outrage and political accusations have become commonplace, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh, where examination schedules' disruptions have stirred considerable controversy. Yet, this issue has failed to capture the political imagination in a manner that translates into substantial electoral agendas or comprehensive policy responses. This lack of innovative solutions from the political class is particularly disconcerting in a nation poised to leverage its demographic dividend.

The allure of government jobs remains undiminished, especially among the youth from middle and lower-middle-class backgrounds, driven by the promise of job security, regular salaries, and social security benefits. In a country where public sector employment is often seen as a surefire path to upward mobility, the competition for these positions has intensified, further exacerbated by the economic downturns and the pandemic-induced job market contraction. This demand-supply imbalance has inadvertently fertilized the ground for nefarious activities by the job mafia and exam fixers. The introduction of the new Bill by the Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitender Singh, underscores the government's recognition of the youth's concerns over examination irregularities. However, the swift passage of the bill in the Lok Sabha, with minimal debate, underscores the urgency of engaging in more substantive discussions in the Upper House to forge broader and more enduring solutions to this longstanding issue. As the nation moves forward, it is imperative to not only implement stringent measures against cheating but also to create an enabling environment that nurtures the aspirations of its youth. This involves not only legislative actions but also systemic reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and equal opportunities for all aspirants. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to uphold the integrity of our examination systems and by extension, the future of our youth.

Q.8 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?