Directions (1-5): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error the answer is (e). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
Q1. Despite of the rising share of (A) / the Delta variant, the overall incidence in (B)/ Germany has been steadily (C)/ declining in recent weeks (D)/
(a) C
(b) B
(c) A
(d) D
(e) No Error
Q2. The recently discovery of hundreds of graves (A)/ in Canada has put the spotlight back (B)/ on its dark past, when indigenous people (C)/ faced systemic discrimination and violence (D)/
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) No Error
Q3. I would’ve gotten (A)/ a perfect score(B)/ accept I made (C)/ simple mistakes(D)/
(a) D
(b) C
(c) B
(d) A
(e) No Error
Q4. He lifted the nest (A)/ gently and put it in a (B)/ safety place in the (C)/ forks of the tree.(D)/
(a) A
(b) D
(c) C
(d) B
(e) No Error
Q5. Sometimes very terrible (A)/ accidents happens, (B)/ and many people are burned (C)/ and injured. (D)/
(a) D
(b) C
(c) B
(d) A
(e) No Error 2
Directions (6-10): In each of the questions given below a sentence is given with three words in bold. Choose the option which gives the correct sequence of these words to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
Q6. His culture (A) manners and varied pleasant(B), not less than his artistic skill, contributed(C) to render him popular.
(a) ACB
(b) BAC
(c) CAB
(d) BCA
(e) No rearrangement required
Q7. It was fairly (A) detrimental (B) that his prison stay, especially during the pandemic, was obvious (C) to his well-being
(a) ACB
(b) BAC
(c) CAB
(d) BCA
(e) No rearrangement required
Q8. To make matters worse, credible reports that some of the electronic evidence malware (A) in this case could have been planted (B) remotely by gathered (C) were never investigated.
(a) ACB
(b) BAC
(c) CAB
(d) CBA
(e) No rearrangement required
Q9. We must understand mental health conditions (A) for what they are and for how they are disadvantages (B) with associated (C).
(a) ACB
(b) BAC
(c) CAB
(d) BCA
(e) No rearrangement required
Q10. Aviation websites are infrastructure (A) with reports of a rapid abuzz (B) of aviation upgradation (C) in Tibet.
(a) ACB
(b) BAC
(c) CAB
(d) BCA
(e) No rearrangement required 3
Directions (11-18): Given below is a paragraph that has blank spaces. Corresponding to each blank, five options are given, out of which only one is appropriate. Choose the option that fits most suitably in the given blank making sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
Getting a good night’s sleep is just as essential as a healthy diet and ________(11)______ exercise. Unfortunately, according to the National Sleep Foundation, 62% of the American adult population________(12)______ from sleep issues every couple of nights per week.
Sleep deprivation negatively ________(13)______ the quality of your life, as well as your overall health. In fact, multiple studies show that lack of ________(14)______ sleep can negatively impact your hormones, exercise performance, brain functioning, and energy levels.
In addition, it can ________(15)______ to moodiness, memory issues, and trouble thinking properly and focusing. Worse of all, ________(16)______ sleep can cause high blood pressure, weight gain, and a weak immune system. In-depth studies also reveal that chronic poor sleepers are at a higher risk of developing cancer and dying from it.
If you’re planning to ________(17)______ your health, ________(18)______ the quality of your sleep, and lose weight, you must get a good night’s sleep.
Q11. (a) regular
(b) system
(c) seldom
(d) active
(e) unusual
Q12. (a) address
(b) indicate
(c) results
(d) suffers
(e) remarks
Q13. (a) affect
(b) effect
(c) impacts
(d) observes
(e) facilitate
Q14. (a) additional
(b) adequate
(c) advanced
(d) anticipated
(e) barely
Q15. (a) lead
(b) indicated
(c) consist
(d) transformed
(e) caused
Q16. (a) absolute
(b) desperate
(c) disability
(d) emotional
(e) chronic
Q17. (a) retrieval
(b) estimate
(c) optimize
(d) decline
(e) degrade
Q18. (a) lower
(b) corrupt
(c) aggregate
(d) improve
(e) impair
Directions (19-23): In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select ‘No improvement required’ as your answer.
Q19. The petition contended that the establishments and factories were operates in violation of environmental norms and affected public health.
(a) has been operating in violation of
(b) were operating in violation of
(c) were operates in violation on
(d) was operating in violation of
(e) No improvement required
Q20. The Delhi Commission for Women (DCW) was issued a notice to the police regarding the same and sought a detailed action taken report.
(a) had issued a notice to the police
(b) have issue a notice to the police
(c) has been issuing a notice to the police
(d) has issue a notice to the police
(e) No improvement required
Q21. Ravi was sent to Taloja Jail, where some of his co-accused have now spend more than three years without bail or trial.
(a) have now spent more than three year
(b) have now spend more then three years
(c) have now spent more then three years
(d) have now spent more than three years
(e) No improvement required
Q22. With technology becoming smarter, there has been a corresponding increase in cyber fraud, harassments and threats.
(a) On technology becoming smarter
(b) At technology becoming smarter
(c) On technology became smarter
(d) With technology has become smarter
(e) No improvement required
Q23. A good coach had the skills of his entire team accounted for, and knows where to put them for the best results.
(a) have the skills
(b) have a skill
(c) has the skills
(d) had skills
(e)No improvement required
Directions (24-30): Read the following passage and answer the given questions below it with the help of the information provided in it.
Screaming is a unique noise. Research suggests when we scream in fear, the noise serves the dual purpose of sharpening our own focus in the face of a threat as well as of warning others. In fact, our brains process screams in a unique way. Most noises we hear are delivered from our ear to an area of the brain devoted to analyzing a sound and breaking it into its component parts, such as gender, age, and tone; high or low; a brass, stringed or electric instrument — or several combined; a ribbit or a coo, and what animal makes that sound. This indicates that we differentiate all the noises we hear everyday, even subconsciously.
A scream is different though, according to David Poepple, PhD, a professor of psychology and neural science at New York University. Poepple is the lead author of a 2015 study that looked into what happens in the body when people scream in fear. A scream goes straight from the ear to the amygdala, the part of the brain that processes fear and kickstarts the body’s fight-or-flight response. The sound jolts our brains into increased alertness and analysis. This is especially true for screams when we’re scared. These have a unique sound signature encompassed by the term “roughness.” This roughness is what serves to alert others to danger. Humans and other animals scream for many reasons — in joy, in surprise, in fear. But we’ve evolved to be able to produce different shrieks and to be able to discern the difference when we hear them. (Incidentally, roughness is also why we find the sound of a baby crying and fingernails on chalkboards disturbing; both sounds have high roughness.) If we focus on the sounds that gain our attention, we will be able to tell which one is rough and which is not.
But what about people who have the opposite reaction when they’re scared? What about the people who don’t scream in fear, but become speechless in the face of a threat? This has been less studied, but it’s likely a part of the third, overlooked response to terror: paralysis. Contrary to pop medicine, fight and flight aren’t the only two reactions to something scary. Humans, like other animals, also evolved the option to freeze, or “play dead” in the face of a threat. This happens involuntarily, when the cerebellum, the part of the brain that regulates muscle activity, overpowers other terrified brain responses and basically shuts down all movement. Since screaming takes quite a few muscles (probably a little less than the 100 used for speaking), a person frozen in fear is rendered mute as well as immobile.
Q24. Choose the statement(s) which is/are TRUE based on the information given in the passage.
(I) Our systems are built in a way that only allows us to scream in dangerous or threatful situations.
(II) One of the ways humans tackle fear is by going into a freeze mode and acting dead which is a similar action to animals.
(III) The brain sorts the noises we hear regularly on the basis of factors such as gender or high or low tone, age, etc.
(a) Both II and III
(b) Both II and I
(c) Only III
(d) Both I and III
(e) Only I
Q25. According to the article, what contributes to alerting someone of the danger a person is in?
(a) The gestures and expressions we make when we are confronted with a seemingly dangerous situation.
(b) The scream one lets out when faced with danger holds an element of roughness which is crucial for letting others know of the possible danger.
(c) Secretion of certain fluids and juices in our bodies by our organs play a part in accomplishing the above said thing.
(d) The frequency of our screams, i.e., how often we shout in the given amount of time can alert others of the presence of danger.
(e) None of the above
Q26. Among the following statements, choose option(s) which are FALSE in accordance with the information given in the passage.
(I) The part of the brain that understands the fear of the situation and sends us into a full blown fight/flight response is called amygdala.
(II) The number of muscles used in the process of speaking are over 100.
(III) The purpose of a scream is to vent out your anger and release the emotions a person has been withholding inside.
(a) Both I and II
(b) Only III
(c) Only II
(d) Only I
(e) Both II and III
Q27. Choose the option which states the reason for why some people go mute when they are scared.
(a) The brain finds it hard to concentrate between how to combat the dangerous situation and figuring out how to talk which leaves a person mute.
(b) Some people find that they don’t want to express their feelings of terror and fright which is why they choose to remain quiet in those moments.
(c) A certain part of the brain responsible for overlooking muscle activity takes over other responses of the brain and forces every movement of the body to shut down, including speech.
(d) Being quiet has been found to help do away with the dangerous and harmful factors that a person might be facing at that exact moment.
(e) None of the above
Q28. Among all the three responses to fear, how does a scream help us in possible dangerous situations?
(a) The brain processes the scream in a part which helps activate our fight or flight mode which then helps us become aware and scan the situation.
(b) Scream can notify the people in your surroundings like your neighbours or anybody in close vicinity to you.
(c) When you scream, your vocal cords stretch and become flexible enough to scream louder and warn others of the situation.
(d) None of the above
(e) All of the above
Q29. Select the word which is similar in meaning to the highlighted word INDICATES.
(a) announces
(b) signals
(c) bargains
(d) divides
(e) flows
Q30. Choose the phrase which will replace the phrase ‘focus on’ as highlighted in the passage.
(a) drain out
(b) tear apart
(c) fire away
(d) concentrate on
(e) mix into
Answers and Solution:
S1. Ans.(c)
Sol. The correct choice is option (c). In part (A), ‘despite of’ is incorrect as ‘despite’ is never followed by ‘of’.
S2. Ans.(a)
Sol. The error lies in part (A) of the sentence. Here ‘recently’ should be ‘recent’ as we need adjective here while ‘recently’ is adverb.
S3. Ans.(b)
Sol. The error lies in part (C). Here ‘accept’ should be ‘except’. Accept is contextually incorrect in the given sentence.
accept means to agree to take something that somebody offers you
except means not including somebody/something; apart from the fact that
S4. Ans.(c)
Sol. The error lies in part (C). Here ‘safety’ should be ‘safe’ as we need an adjective here for the noun ‘place’.
S5. Ans.(c)
Sol. The error lies in part (B). Here ‘happens’ should be replaced by ‘happen’ as to comply with the rule of subject verb agreement, we need plural verb for the plural subject (accidents).
S6. Ans.(b)
Sol. The correct sequence of words is BAC. Therefore the correct sentence will be “His pleasant manners and varied culture, not less than his artistic skill, contributed to render him popular.”
S7. Ans.(a)
Sol. The correct sequence is ACB. Therefore the correct sentence will be” It was fairly obvious that his prison stay, especially during the pandemic, was detrimental to his well-being”
S8. Ans.(d)
Sol. The correct sequence is CBA. Therefore the correct sentence will be” To make matters worse, credible reports that some of the electronic evidence gathered in this case could have been planted remotely by malware were never investigated”
S9. Ans.(a)
Sol. The correct sequence is ACB. Therefore the correct sentence will be “We must understand mental health conditions for what they are and for how they are associated with disadvantages”
S10. Ans.(d)
Sol. The correct sequence is BCA. Therefore the correct sentence will be “Aviation websites are abuzz with reports of a rapid upgradation of aviation infrastructure in Tibet.”
S11. Ans.(a)
Sol. The paragraph illustrates the importance of sleep just as nutrition and exercise is to maintain a healthy body and mind. Therefore, the most suitable word for the given blank is ‘regular’ as it contributes to the theme of the passage about addressing healthy sleep routines.
Regular- recurring at uniform intervals.
System- a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a complex whole.
Seldom- not often; rarely
active- engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits.
Unusual- not habitually or commonly occurring or done.
S12. Ans.(d)
Sol. The given sentence contributes to the central theme of the paragraph which is about healthy sleeping habits by providing a statistical data of adults experiencing sleeping issues. Thus, the most suitable word for the given blank is ‘suffers’. All the other words are either grammatically or contextually incorrect.
Suffers- experience or be subjected to (something bad or unpleasant).
Address- think about and begin to deal with (an issue or problem).
Indicate- point out; show.
Results- a favourable outcome of an undertaking or contest.
Remarks- say something as a comment; mention.
S13. Ans.(c)
Sol. The given paragraph mentions the harmful repercussions of sleep deprivation. Therefore, the most suitable word for the given blank is ‘impacts.’
Impacts- a marked effect or influence.
Affect- Affect is usually a verb, and it means to impact or change.
Effect- Effect is usually a noun that you would use to indicate the result of a change.
Observes- notice or perceive (something) and register it as being significant.
Facilitate- make (an action or process) easy or easier. 23
S14. Ans.(b)
Sol. The most suitable word for the given blank is adequate which means ‘satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity’ as the passage refers to the harmful impacts on quality of life due to deprived sleep. All the other words are contextually incorrect.
Additional- added, extra, or supplementary to what is already present or available
Advanced- modern and recently developed.
Anticipated- regard as probable; expect or predict.
Barely- only just; almost not.
S15. Ans.(a)
Sol. A Modal verb is followed by another verb in the base form. Since ‘can’ is a modal verb, the main verb should be in its base form. This shortlists our options to ‘lead’ and ‘consist’. Lead means cause (a person or animal) to go with one by holding them by the hand, a halter, a rope, etc. while moving forward; while consist means be composed or made up of. Hence. ‘lead’ is the most suitable word.
Indicated- point out; show.
Transformed- make a marked change in the form, nature, or appearance of.
Caused- make (something, especially something bad) happen.
S16. Ans.(e)
Sol. The given sentence of the passage mentions the conditions which further aggravate the condition of sleep deprivation. Thus, the most suitable word for the given blank is ‘chronic’ which means (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
Absolute- not qualified or diminished in any way; total.
Desperate- (of an act) tried in despair or when everything else has failed.
Disability- a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities.
Emotional- relating to a person’s emotions.
S17. Ans.(c)
Sol. The passage mentions that chronic sleep deprivation leads to all sorts of negative effects on physical and social well-being. Hence, it is concluded by advising the readers to improve the quality of sleep if one wants to achieve a healthy lifestyle. Therefore the most suitable word for the given blank is ‘optimize’.
Optimize- make the best or most effective use of (a situation or resource).
Retrieval- the process of getting something back from somewhere.
Estimate- roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of.
Decline- diminish in strength or quality; deteriorate.
Degrade- lower the quality of; cause to deteriorate.
S18. Ans.(d)
Sol. The most suitable word for the given blank is ‘improve’ which means make or become better. All the other words are contextually incorrect.
Lower- less high in position.
Corrupt- evil or morally depraved.
Aggregate- a whole formed by combining several separate elements.
Impair- weaken or damage (something, especially a faculty or function).
S19. Ans.(b)
Sol. The given highlighted phrase is incorrect. The sentence is in past continuous tense hence ‘operates’ in statement is incorrect hence option (c) is also incorrect. In option (a), ‘has’ is incorrect because subject (establishments and factories) is plural here therefore option (d) is also incorrect. Hence correct choice is option (b).
S20. Ans.(a)
Sol. The highlighted phrase in the statement is incorrect as sentence is in Past indefinite. In option (b), ‘have’ is incorrect as subject (DCW) is singular. Option (c) is in Perfect continuous hence incorrect. In Option (d), ‘issue’ is incorrect as ‘has+v3’ is correct.
S21. Ans.(d)
Sol. In the highlighted phrase ‘spend’ is incorrect because sentence is in past tense and third form of spend is ‘spent’ therefore option (b) is also incorrect. In option (a), ‘year’ should be ‘years’. In option (b), ‘then’ should be ‘than’ hence option (c) is also incorrect.
S22. Ans.(e)
Sol. The highlighted phrase in the sentence is correct hence no improvement required is correct choice.
S23. Ans.(c)
Sol. The correct replacement of the highlighted phrase is “has the skills” as the sentence follows the structure of present tense. Moreover, the subject of the sentence is singular. Hence, option (c) is the correct choice.
S24. Ans.(a)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (a): Both II and III.
Statement II is true because it is stated in the last paragraph of the passage that “humans, like other animals, also evolved the option to freeze, or “play dead” in the face of a threat.”
Statement III is true because in the first paragraph it says: Most noises we hear are delivered from our ear to an area of the brain devoted to analyzing a sound and breaking it into its component parts, such as gender, age, and tone; high or low; a brass, stringed or electric instrument — or several combined; a ribbit or a coo, and what animal makes that sound.
Statement I is incorrect because in the last paragraph it says “Humans and other animals scream for many reasons — in joy, in surprise, in fear. “ This tells us that there can be many reasons for humans screaming besides fear.
Hence, option (a) is the correct choice for the answer. 25
S25. Ans.(b)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (b): The scream one lets out when faced with danger holds an element of roughness which is crucial for letting others know of the possible danger.
This answer is found in the second paragraph where it says: This is especially true for screams when we’re scared. These have a unique sound signature encompassed by the term “roughness.” This roughness is what serves to alert others to danger.
The rest of the options are not mentioned anywhere in the passage given. Therefore they cannot be considered for the answer.
Hence, option (b) is the correct choice for the answer.
S26. Ans.(e)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (e): Both II and III
Statement II is false as the passage says: Since screaming takes quite a few muscles (probably a little less than the 100 used for speaking), a person frozen in fear is rendered mute as well as immobile.
Statement III is also false because it can be found in the article that: Research suggests when we scream in fear, the noise serves the dual purpose of sharpening our own focus in the face of a threat as well as of warning others.
The facts present in the passage help us figure out why the statements II and III are false.
Hence, option (e) is the correct choice for the answer.
S27. Ans.(c)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (c): A certain part of the brain responsible for overlooking muscle activity takes over other responses of the brain and forces every movement of the body to shut down, including speech.
The answer is found towards the end of the last paragraph: This happens involuntarily, when the cerebellum, the part of the brain that regulates muscle activity, overpowers other terrified brain responses and basically shuts down all movement. Since screaming takes quite a few muscles (probably a little less than the 100 used for speaking), a person frozen in fear is rendered mute as well as immobile.
All the other options are nowhere to be found in the above passage.
Hence, option (c) is the correct choice for the answer.
S28. Ans.(a)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (a): The brain processes the scream in a part which helps activate our fight or flight mode which then helps us become aware and scan the situation.
This answer is present in the second paragraph: A scream goes straight from the ear to the amygdala, the part of the brain that processes fear and kickstarts the body’s fight-or-flight response. The sound jolts our brains into increased alertness and analysis.
Hence, option (a) is the correct choice for the answer.
S29. Ans.(b)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (b): signals.
To signal means to convey information or instructions by means of a gesture, action, or sound.
Indicate means to express an intention, opinion, or wish in an indirect way.
Hence, signals is the word most similar to indicates.
To announce means to make a formal public statement about a fact, occurrence, or intention.
To bargain means an agreement between two or more people or groups as to what each will do for the other.
To divide means to separate or be separated into parts.
Flows mean the action or fact of moving along in a steady, continuous stream.
S30. Ans.(d)
Sol. The correct choice for the answer is option (d): concentrate on.
Focus on or concentrate on have similar meanings which can be explained as to give most of your attention to someone or something.
The rest of the phrases are not applicable because they all have different meanings. Hence, they cannot be used to replace the given phrase.