Directions (1-9): Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
The onset of Covid-19 has brought to a halt an astonishing expansion of restaurants observed in the past decade. But being deprived of restaurants has made people realise how much they value them. Eating out fulfils needs which seem fundamental to human nature. People need to socialise, to seal deals and to peer at their fellow humans.
People have long feasted outside the home. Before the use of coal became widespread in England in the 17th century, preparing food at home involved spending a lot on wood or peat. Today dining out is seen as an indulgence, but it was the cheapest way to eat for most of human history. But by the 18th century, capitalism took off, public spaces became sites of rational dialogue which were open to all. Eating out became less of a communal activity focused on calorie intake and more of a cultural experience—and a place where people could show off their wealth.
By the 20th century, however, cooking at home was becoming ever easier. Average house sizes grew and appliances such as the food processor and the dishwasher reduced preparation and clean-up times. Dining out became relatively more expensive. And yet, a few economic changes ensured that demand for restaurants grew despite rising prices.
One of them is immigration. Over the last century the net flow of migrants into rich countries, relative to population, more than quadrupled. Starting a restaurant is a good career move for new arrivals. Migrants also tend to improve the quality of an area’s restaurants. Another factor was changing working patterns. Historically poor people have tended to work longer hours than rich ones. But in the latter half of the 20th century the opposite became true. The upshot was that the people with the most money to spend on dining out increasingly needed it most, since they had the least free time.
The pandemic has led to many people buying more takeout than before, while others have a newfound love of cooking. That means —————— still further from the utilitarian model of the 18th century and before, and instead doubling down on what they do best: offering those who need to eat a taste of romance, glamour, and love.
1. What effect of the pandemic on restaurants has been mentioned by the author in the passage?
(a) A severe lack of essential items has hindered the supply chain of restaurants.
(b) The period during the pandemic led to a stop in the growth of restaurants.
(c) The pandemic has made people realise the allure of eating out at restaurants.
(d) Restaurants observe less customers due to a fear of lack of social distancing measures.
(e) Due to the continuous waves of the pandemic, restaurants struggle to remain open.
2. What compelled rich people to start eating out?
(a) Public spaces becoming safer for citizens
(b) The rise of capitalism in the market
(c) Being able to show off wealth to society
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(e) All of the above
3. According to the passage, why did people prefer eating out before the 17th century?
(a) Eating at restaurants was cheaper for people than cooking food.
(b) Restaurants provided a convenient way for people to have food.
(c) Restaurants catered to all classes of society while avoiding conflict
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(e) All of the above
4. What conundrum does the author present against the growth of restaurants the past century?
(a) Despite the economic instability during the period, restaurants continued to grow.
(b) Restaurants were popular despite industrialisation leading to many people becoming poor.
(c) The interest in restaurants piqued in the period despite many nations being war-ridden.
(d) The growth of restaurants despite cooking becoming cheaper and more convenient.
(e) The deadly plagues during the period did not dissuade people from going out to eat.
5. How did migrants contribute to a rise in the growth of restaurants?
(a) Migrants added to the population of a country and thus contributed to increased consumption.
(b) A significant portion of the migrant population started restaurants in the countries they came to.
(c) Countries with a high rate of immigration gave relaxations on items of necessity for the public.
(d) An immigrant population brought with it a different culture, thus reviving interest in cuisine.
(e) Restaurants cashed up on the opportunity to serve food to an immigrant population for revenues.
6. According to the passage, which of the following is true regarding the influence of changing work patterns in the past century?
(a) Poor people stopped eating out as much as they would in the past.
(b) Restaurants improved their services to cater to more people for a longer time.
(c) Rich people having more money would want to spend more on their indulgences.
(d) People earning more often had less tome to cook food at home.
(e) Eating out for luxury became difficult for people due to lack of time.
7. Which of the following words can most appropriately fill the blank given in the passage?
(a) coping
(b) closing
(c) making
(d) moving
(e) living
8. Which of the following words is most similar in meaning to the word “flow” as is highlighted in the passage?
(a) movement
(b) implication
(c) obstruction
(d) deduction
(e) increase
9. Choose the word that can most appropriately replace the highlighted word “upshot” in the passage?
(a) reminder
(b) history
(c) requirement
(d) consequence
(e) condition
Directions (10-11): In the given question a part of the sentence is given in bold, which may or may not be grammatically correct. Choose the correct alternative for the highlighted phrase to make the sentence grammatically and logically correct.
10. Because the man is angry on the teacher, he wrote a complaining letter to the principal.
(a) is angry at the teacher
(b) was angry with the teacher
(c) were angry to the teacher
(d) is angry with the teacher
(e) No replacement needed
11. A fall in demand is enough to demonstrate that consumers have forget about the product and moved on to other products.
(a) has forgot about the product
(b) had forgotten of the product
(c) have forgotten about the product
(e) has forgotten for the product
(f) No replacement needed
Directions (12- 15): In each sentence, a word is omitted. Choose the word from the given options that can fit into the blank without changing the intended meaning.
12. Jeff faced many hardships in life, but he always found a way to be .
(a) lethargy
(b) gloomy
(c) desperate
(d) resilient
(e) pervasive
13. With this ————— rainfall, we might get flooded out.
(a) incessant
(b) irreversible
(c) indecisive
(d) amiable
(e) dormant
14. The plant has a pungent smell which makes it very —— to bees.
(a) valiant
(b) vigorous
(c) appealing
(d) robust
(e) diffusing
15. If the thermostat does not————- the temperature properly, it may not trigger the heating unit.
(a) ramble
(b) gauge
(c) transit
(d) flush
(e) rejig
Directions (16-20): In each of the following questions, a sentence has been divided into four parts in which one part has an error. Identify the part that has an error and mark that part as your answer. If all parts are error-free then choose ‘No Error’ as your correct choice.
16.The hospital has receive (A)/ funding for medical (B)/ devices and (B)/ clinical studies (D)/ No Error (E).
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) No Error
17. Aryabhata noted that (A)/ the luminosity of the (B)/ Moon and other planets are (C)/ due to reflected sunlight (D)/ No Error (E)
(s) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) No Error
18. Rainbows can been (A)/ observed whenever there (B)/ are water drops in the (C)/ air and sunlight shining (D)/ No Error (E).
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) No Error
19. Indraprastha was one (A)/ of the five place demanded (B)/ for the sake of peace and (C)/ to avert a disastrous war (D)/ No Error (E).
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) No Error
20. Due to climate change, (A)/ deserts are expanding, (B)/ while heat waves (C)/ are becoming more commons (D)/ No Error.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) No Error
Directions (21-25): In the following questions, five sentences are given. Rearrange these sentences to make a contextually meaningful paragraph then, answer the following questions.
(A) An insufficient amount of sleep can lead to serious repercussions.
(B) Also, it loses the abilities to concentrate, think clearly, and process memories.
(C) Sleep is an essential function that allows your body and mind to recharge and leaves you refreshed.
(D) For instance, without enough sleep, the brain cannot function properly
(E) Healthy sleep also helps the body to remain healthy and stave off diseases.
21. Which is the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
22. Which is the LAST sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
23. Which is the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
24. Which is the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
25. Which is the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(e) E
Directions (26-30): In each question, three words are given in bold, which may or may not be in their correct positions. Choose the correct sequence of words from the given options to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful.
26. A wildlife (A)of an eagle was carved (B)out of wood for the sculpture (C)event.
(a) BCA
(b) CBA
(c) ACB
(d) BAC
(e) No rearrangement needed
27. Blood was analyzed (A)through a/an diagnostic (B)machine to figure out whether the patient was suffering (C)from cancer or the flu.
(a) BCA
(b) CBA
(c) ACB
(d) BAC
(e) No rearrangement needed
28. Without any solitude (A) a/an crazy (B) is bound to go a bit introvert (C)
(a) BCA
(b) CBA
(c) ACB
(d) BAC
(e) No rearrangement needed
29. The allowed(A) material permeable (B)a large amount of water to seep (C)through.
(a) BCA
(b) CBA
(c) ACB
(d) BAC
(e) No rearrangement needed
30. The astronomer observation (A)a new star during a/an discover(B) recent(C)
(a) BCA
(b) CBA
(c) ACB
(d) BAC
(e) No rearrangement needed
ANSWERS
1. Ans.(b)
Sol. Refer to the first line of the first paragraph in the passage for justification. “The onset of Covid- 19 has brought to a halt an astonishing expansion of restaurants observed in the past decade.” Although the statement given by option (c) is a correct statement according to the passage, it does not answer the question, which only asks about the effect of the pandemic on restaurants. The other statements are simply not mentioned as an issue faced by restaurants in the passage.
2. Ans.(d)
Sol. Refer to the following lines in the second passage for justification of the answer. “But by the 18th century, capitalism took off… people could show off their wealth.”
The statements given by option (b) and (c) can be corroborated from these lines, but the statement given by option (a) cannot find a reference in the passage. Thus, option (d) is the correct answer.
3. Ans.(a)
Sol. Refer to the following lines in the second paragraph for justification of option (a) as answer. “People have long feasted outside the home… to eat for most of human history.” Options (b) and (c) find no mention in the passage as reasons for choosing restaurants over cooking during the time, and thus, are eliminated.
4. Ans.(d)
Sol. Refer to the entirety of the third paragraph for justification of option (d) as the answer. None of the other options give a suitable answer to the question.
5. Ans.(b)
Sol. Refer to the following lines in the fourth paragraph for justification of option (b).
“One of them is immigration. Over the last century the net flow of migrants… the quality of an area’s restaurants.”
6. Ans.(d)
Sol. Refer to the following lines in the fourth paragraph for justification of option (d).
“Another factor was changing working patterns. Historically poor people… since they had the least free time”
7. Ans.(d)
Sol. cope – to deal with and attempt to overcome problems and difficulties
close – to move so as to bar passage through something
make – to bring into being by forming, shaping, or altering material
move – to proceed toward a certain state or condition
live – to maintain oneself
8. Ans.(a)
Sol. flow – a smooth uninterrupted movement or progress
movement – the act or process of moving implication – something implied: such as obstruction – the state of being obstructed deduction – the state or fact of being destroyed increase – made or become greater
9. Ans.(d)
Sol. upshot – the final result
reminder – something that calls a memory or thought to the mind
history – an established record requirement – something wanted or needed consequence – a result or effect
condition – a premise upon which the fulfilment of an agreement depends
10. Ans.(b)
Sol. The correct replacement for the highlighted phrase is (b)
The given sentence is in past tense, thus ‘was’ should be the correct helping verb. “Angry with” is the correct phrasal verb as when directed at a person “angry with” should always be used. If directed at a situation or thing, “angry at” would also be acceptable.
11. Ans.(c)
Sol. The correct replacement for the given phrase is option (c)
Here, ‘consumers’ is plural thus plural verb ‘have’ should be used. Also, the structure for present perfect tense is ‘has/have+ V3’.
12. Ans.(d)
Sol. The correct word that can fit into the given
blank is ‘resilient’.
Lethargy: a lack of energy and enthusiasm. Gloomy: causing or feeling depression or despondency.
Desperate: feeling or showing a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal with.
Resilient: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
Pervasive: spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people.
13. Ans.(a)
Sol. The correct word that can fit into the given
blank is ‘incessant’
Incessant: continuing without pause or interruption
Irreversible: not able to be undone or altered. Indecisive: not providing a clear and definite result.
Amiable: having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner.
Dormant: having normal physical functions suspended or slowed down for a period of time
14. Ans.(c)
Sol. The correct word for the blank is ‘appealing’ Valiant: possessing or showing courage or determination.
Vigorous: strong, healthy, and full of energy. Appealing: attractive or interesting
Robust: strong and healthy; vigorous.
Diffusing: spread over a wide area or between a large number of people.
15. Ans.(b)
Sol. The correct word for the given blank is ‘gauge’
Ramble: walk for pleasure in the countryside. Gauge: an instrument that measures and gives a visual display of the amount, level, or contents of something.
Transit: an act, process, or example of passing through or over
Flush: become red and hot, typically as the result of illness or strong emotion.
Rejig: organize (something) differently; rearrange.
16. Ans.(a)
Sol. In part (A), ‘receive’ should be replaced with ‘received’ as we use third form of the verb after ‘has/have/had’.
17. Ans.(c)
Sol. In part (C), helping verbs ‘are’ should be
replaced with ‘is’ for noun ‘luminosity’.
18. Ans.(a)
Sol. In part (A), ‘been’ should be replaced with ‘be’ because ‘can’ is a model verb which is always followed by infinitive.
19. Ans.(b)
Sol. In part (B), ‘place’ should be in plural form because phrase ‘one of’ is always followed by plural noun.
20. Ans.(d)
Sol. In part (D), ‘commons’ should be replaced with ‘common’ because we need an adjective here which is always used in a singular form.
Commons: the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society
21. Ans.(e)
Sol. The passage is mentioning the importance of sleep. Therefore, statement (C) will be the first statement of the paragraph as it introduces the theme and is an independent statement. Next will be statement (E), which mentions the benefits of proper sleep. Statement (E) then will be followed by statement (A), which mentions that insufficient sleep has serious repercussions. The fourth sentence of the paragraph will be statement (D), which mentions the consequences of improper sleep. In statement (B), the word ‘also’, states that it will follow statement (D) and mentions further side-effects of improper sleep. Hence the correct sequence of the statement will be ‘CEADB’.
22. Ans.(b)
Sol. The passage is mentioning the importance of sleep. Therefore, statement (C) will be the first statement of the paragraph as it introduces the theme and is an independent statement. Next will be statement (E), which mentions the benefits of proper sleep. Statement (E) then will be followed by statement (A), which mentions that insufficient sleep has serious repercussions. The fourth sentence of the paragraph will be statement (D), which mentions the consequences of improper sleep. In statement (B), the word ‘also’, states that it will follow statement (D) and mentions further side-effects of improper sleep. Hence the correct sequence of the statement will be ‘CEADB’.
23. Ans.(a)
Sol. The passage is mentioning the importance of sleep. Therefore, statement (C) will be the first statement of the paragraph as it introduces the theme and is an independent statement. Next will be statement (E), which mentions the benefits of proper sleep. Statement (E) then will be followed by statement (A), which mentions that insufficient sleep has serious repercussions. The fourth sentence of the paragraph will be statement (D), which mentions the consequences of improper sleep. In statement (B), the word ‘also’, states that it will follow statement (D) and mentions further side-effects of improper sleep. Hence the correct sequence of the statement will be ‘CEADB’.
24. Ans.(c)
Sol. The passage is mentioning the importance of sleep. Therefore, statement (C) will be the first statement of the paragraph as it introduces the theme and is an independent statement. Next will be statement (E), which mentions the benefits of proper sleep. Statement (E) then will be followed by statement (A), which mentions that insufficient sleep has serious repercussions. The fourth sentence of the paragraph will be statement (D), which mentions the consequences of improper sleep. In statement (B), the word ‘also’, states that it will follow statement (D) and mentions further side-effects of improper sleep. Hence the correct sequence of the statement will be ‘CEADB’.
25. Ans.(d)
Sol. The passage is mentioning the importance of sleep. Therefore, statement (C) will be the first statement of the paragraph as it introduces the theme and is an independent statement. Next will be statement (E), which mentions the benefits of proper sleep. Statement (E) then will be followed by statement (A), which mentions that insufficient sleep has serious repercussions. The fourth sentence of the paragraph will be statement (D), which mentions the consequences of improper sleep. In statement (B), the word ‘also’, states that it will follow statement (D) and mentions further side-effects of improper sleep. Hence the correct sequence of the statement will be ‘CEADB’.
26. Ans.(b)
Sol. The correct rearrangement of the highlighted words is CBA.
Thus, the correct sentence will be, “A sculpture of an eagle was carved out of wood for the wildlife event.”
27. Ans.(e)
Sol. All the highlighted words in the given sentence are correctly placed. Hence, no rearrangement needed.
28. Ans.(c)
Sol. The correct rearrangement of the highlighted words is ACB
Thus, the correct sentence will be, “Without any
solitude, an introvert is bound to go a bit crazy.”
29. Ans.(d)
Sol. The correct rearrangement of the highlighted words is BAC
Thus, the correct sentence will be, ‘The permeable material allowed a large amount of water to seep through.”
30. Ans.(a)
Sol. The correct rearrangement of the highlighted words is BCA
Thus, the correct sentence will be, “The astronomer discovered a new star during a recent observation”